Associate Professor Anurag Sharma

Associate Professor Anurag Sharma

Associate Professor

Senior Fellow, Higher Education Academy, UK

PhD (Economics) , ANU, Canberra

MPhil (Economics), IGIDR, Mumbai, India

MA (Economics), University of Rajasthan, India

BSc (Physics, Chemistry, Maths), Maharaja's College, Jaipur, India

Medicine & Health
School of Population Health

I am   Associate Professor  at School of Population Health. Previously I worked at Centre for Health Economics, Monash University.  I obtained  PhD in Economics from the Australian National University, Canberra. My  research is mainly focussed on answering policy questions regarding:

  • supply and demand side of healthcare management  such as  modelling hospital choice,  tackle overcrowding in Emergency Departments, role of elective surgery waiting times in private hospital utilisation, hospital behaviour under activity based funding, patient safety and workforce development

 

  •  health promotion policies and behavioural change: Impact of taxing sugar sweetened beverages on different income groups, body weight and obesity; Impact of alcohol taxation policies on alcohol consumption, pricing strategies to encourage health diet in disadvantaged groups

 

  • public health issues in low income settings: Program evaluation to improve maternal and child health (Nepal),  improving nutritional status of children (India), modelling chronic diseases (Mongolia), relationship between poverty and  nutrition (India).

My research involves rigorous applied methods using large and complex datasets. I am currently CI and lead health economist on one NH&MRC Ideas Grant, three NHMRC Partnership Grants, one NSW Health COVID19 research grant and have  been lead CI on one ARC Discovery grant in the past.  I have also worked on several consultancy based research contracts including for OECD and WHO.  

I have supervised five PhD students to completion (three as main supervisor) and currently supervising  four PhD students as primary supervisor.

I am part of the Health Leadership and  Management Group at the school and convene one core unit of MHLM (size ~ 320) and one elective unit (size ~ 50) on introductory and advanced health economics respectively. I am also a Senior Fellow of Advance HE (formerly Higher Education Academy), UK.

Personal Webpage: https://sites.google.com/site/anuragunsw/

Researchgate: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Anurag_Sharma

 

Phone
x52372
Location
Rm 238, Level 2, Samuels Building (F25), Kensington Campus
  • Books |
    Jha R; Chand S, A. Sharma (2003)?The Fiscal Constraint on India?s Economic Growth? in R. Jha (ed.) Indian Economic Reforms, Basingstoke, Houndmills, Palgrave Macmillan
  • Book Chapters | 2023
    Maitra P; Pal S; Sharma A, 2023, 'Does the Growing Private Sector Deliver Schooling for All? Role of Gender, Parental Altruism and Family Wealth', in India's Social and Economic Transformation in the 21st Century, pp. 95 - 125, http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003015604-5
    Book Chapters | 2019
    Jha R; Sharma A, 2019, 'Poverty and Inequality', in A Concise Handbook of the Indian Economy in the 21st Century, Oxford University Press, pp. 193 - 221, http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199496464.003.0007
    Book Chapters | 2014
    Sharma A, 2014, 'Poverty Nutrition Traps in Rural India*', in Jha R; Gaiha R (ed.), Diets, Malnutrition, and Disease, Oxford University Press, pp. 123 - 141, http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198099215.003.0006
    Book Chapters | 2013
    Sharma A; Harris A, 2013, 'OECD Health Policy Studies Waiting Time Policies in the Health Sector What Works?', in Luigi S; Michael B; Valerie M (ed.), OECD Health Policy Studies Waiting Time Policies in the Health Sector What Works?, OECD Publishing
    Book Chapters | 2013
    Sharma A; Harris A, 2013, 'Victoria (2000-2011) in Waiting Time Policies in the Health Sector What Works?', in Victoria (2000-2011) in Waiting Time Policies in the Health Sector What Works?
    Book Chapters | 2008
    Jha R; Bhanu Murthy KV; Sharma A, 2008, 'Market integration in wholesale rice markets in India', in The Indian Economy Sixty Years after Independence, pp. 233 - 246, http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230228337
    Book Chapters | 2008
    Jha R; Murthy KVB; Sharma A, 2008, 'Market Integration in Wholesale Rice Markets in India', in The Indian Economy Sixty Years After Independence, Palgrave Macmillan UK, pp. 233 - 246, http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230228337_13
  • Journal articles | 2023
    Lawrence J; Hiscock H; Voskoboynik A; Walpola R; Sharma A, 2023, 'Impact of an Intervention to Reduce Bronchodilator Use in Bronchiolitis – A Time Series Analysis', Hospital Pediatrics, 13, pp. 653 - 659, http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/hpeds.2022-007059
    Journal articles | 2023
    Lawrence J; South M; Hiscock H; Capurro D; Sharma A; Ride J, 2023, 'Retrospective analysis of the impact of electronic medical record alerts on low value care in a pediatric hospital.', J Am Med Inform Assoc, http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocad239
    Journal articles | 2023
    O’Connor CMC; Poulos RG; Sharma A; Preti C; Reynolds NL; Rowlands AC; Flakelar K; Raguz A; Valpiani P; Faux SG; Boyer M; Close JCT; Gupta L; Poulos CJ, 2023, 'An Australian aged care home for people subject to homelessness: health, wellbeing and cost–benefit', BMC Geriatrics, 23, http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12877-023-03920-3
    Journal articles | 2023
    Rao MUM; Patra KC; Sasmal SK; Sharma A; Oliveto G, 2023, 'Forecasting of Rainfall across River Basins Using Soft Computing Techniques: The Case Study of the Upper Brahmani Basin (India)', WATER, 15, http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15030499
    Journal articles | 2023
    Taye J; Sharma A; Kumar B, 2023, 'Effect of downward seepage on turbulence and morphology in mobile boundary sinuous channel', PHYSICS OF FLUIDS, 35, http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0133201
    Journal articles | 2023
    Walters JK; Sharma A; Boyce J; Harrison R, 2023, 'Analysis of Centralized Efficiency Improvement Practices in Australian Public Health Systems', Journal of Healthcare Leadership, Volume 15, pp. 313 - 326, http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/jhl.s435035
    Journal articles | 2023
    Walters JK; Sharma A; Harrison R, 2023, 'Efficiency Improvement Strategies for Public Health Systems: Developing and Evaluating a Taxonomy in the Australian Healthcare System', Healthcare (Switzerland), 11, pp. 2177 - 2177, http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11152177
    Journal articles | 2022
    Kumar P; Sharma A, 2022, 'Experimental investigation of 3D flow properties around emergent rigid vegetation', ECOHYDROLOGY, 15, http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eco.2474
    Journal articles | 2022
    Lawrence J; Walpola R; Boyce SL; Bryant PA; Sharma A; Hiscock H, 2022, 'Home Care for Bronchiolitis: A Systematic Review', Pediatrics, 150, http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2022-056603
    Journal articles | 2022
    Prasad BSS; Sharma A; Khatua KK, 2022, 'Distribution and Prediction of Boundary Shear in Diverging Compound Channels', WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT, 36, pp. 4965 - 4979, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11269-022-03286-y
    Journal articles | 2022
    Walters JK; Sharma A; Harrison R, 2022, 'Driving Efficiency Improvement (EI): Exploratory Analysis of a Centralised Model in New South Wales', Risk Management and Healthcare Policy, 15, pp. 1887 - 1894, http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/RMHP.S383107
    Journal articles | 2022
    Walters JK; Sharma A; Malica E; Harrison R, 2022, 'Supporting efficiency improvement in public health systems: a rapid evidence synthesis', BMC Health Services Research, 22, http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12913-022-07694-z
    Journal articles | 2021
    Harrison R; Sharma A; Lawton R; Stewart K, 2021, 'Is physician mentorship associated with the occurrence of adverse patient safety events?', Journal of Patient Safety, 17, pp. E1633 - E1637, http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/PTS.0000000000000592
    Journal articles | 2021
    Sinha K; Davillas A; Jones AM; Sharma A, 2021, 'Do socioeconomic health gradients persist over time and beyond income? A distributional analysis using UK biomarker data', Economics and Human Biology, 43, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ehb.2021.101036
    Journal articles | 2021
    Szameitat AE; Sharma A; Minutello F; Pinna A; Er-Rafik M; Hansen TH; Persson DP; Andersen B; Husted S, 2021, 'Unravelling the interactions between nano-hydroxyapatite and the roots of phosphorus deficient barley plants', ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-NANO, 8, pp. 444 - 459, http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0en00974a
    Journal articles | 2021
    2021, 'Integrated health and social care in the united states: A decade of policy progress', International Journal of Integrated Care, 21, http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/ijic.5687
    Journal articles | 2020
    Soh ACY; Sharma A; Muscatello DJ, 2020, 'Impact of seasonal influenza on polyclinic attendances for upper respiratory tract infections in Singapore', Western Pacific Surveillance and Response Journal, 11, http://dx.doi.org/10.5365/wpsar.2019.10.4.001
    Journal articles | 2019
    Harrison R; Sharma A; Walton M; Esguerra E; Onobrakpor S; Nghia BT; Chinh ND, 2019, 'Responding to adverse patient safety events in Viet Nam', BMC Health Services Research, 19, http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12913-019-4518-y
    Journal articles | 2019
    Raj SM; Chughtai AA; Sharma A; Tan TC; MacIntyre CR, 2019, 'Cost-benefit analysis of a national influenza vaccination program in preventing hospitalisation costs in Australian adults aged 50–64 years old', Vaccine, 37, pp. 5979 - 5985, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.08.028
    Journal articles | 2019
    Sharma A; Vandenberg B, 2019, 'Heterogenous wealth effects of minimum unit price on purchase of alcohol: Evidence using scanner data', PLoS ONE, 14, http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225538
    Journal articles | 2019
    Swaminathan H; Sharma A; Shah NG, 2019, 'Does the relationship between income and child health differ across income groups? Evidence from India', Economic Modelling, 79, pp. 57 - 73, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2018.10.001
    Journal articles | 2018
    Chan DKY; Liu FX; Irwanto D; Prasetyo D; Ozorio G; Li F; Smith M; Sharma A; Chen J, 2018, 'Experience of establishing an acute geriatric outreach service versus subacute service to nursing homes', Internal Medicine Journal, 48, pp. 1396 - 1399, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/imj.14104
    Journal articles | 2018
    Harris A; Sharma A, 2018, 'Estimating the future health and aged care expenditure in Australia with changes in morbidity', PLoS ONE
    Journal articles | 2018
    Harrison R; Lee H; Sharma A, 2018, 'A survey of the impact of patient adverse events and near misses on anaesthetists in Australia and New Zealand', Anaesthesia and intensive care, 46, pp. 510 - 515, http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0310057X1804600513
    Journal articles | 2018
    Lamichhane P; Sharma A; Mahal A, 2018, 'Does safe disposal of child faeces matter? An assessment of access to improved sanitation and child faeces disposal behaviour and diarrhoea in rural Nepal', International Health, 10, pp. 277 - 284, http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/inthealth/ihy030
    Journal articles | 2017
    Lamichhane P; Sharma A; Mahal A, 2017, 'Impact evaluation of free delivery care on maternal health service utilisation and neonatal health in Nepal', Health Policy and Planning, 32, pp. 1427 - 1436, http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czx124
    Journal articles | 2017
    Lamichhane P; Sharma A; Mahal A, 2017, 'Impact of cleaner fuel use and improved stoves on acute respiratory infections: Evidence from India', International Health, 9, pp. 349 - 366, http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/inthealth/ihx041
    Journal articles | 2017
    Sharma A; Sinha K; Vandenberg B, 2017, 'Pricing as a means of controlling alcohol consumption', British Medical Bulletin, 123, pp. 149 - 158, http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bmb/ldx020
    Journal articles | 2016
    Maitra P; Pal S; Sharma A, 2016, 'Absence of Altruism? Female Disadvantage in Private School Enrollment in India', World Development, 85, pp. 105 - 125
    Journal articles | 2016
    Sharma A; Etilé F; Sinha K, 2016, 'The Effect of Introducing a Minimum Price on the Distribution of Alcohol Purchase: A Counterfactual Analysis', Health Economics (United Kingdom), 25, pp. 1182 - 1200, http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hec.3388
    Journal articles | 2016
    Vandenberg B; Sharma A, 2016, 'Are Alcohol Taxation and Pricing Policies Regressive? Product-Level Effects of a Specific Tax and a Minimum Unit Price for Alcohol', Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire), 51, pp. 493 - 502, http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/agv133
    Journal articles | 2015
    Etilé F; Sharma A, 2015, 'Do High Consumers of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages Respond Differently to Price Changes? A Finite Mixture IV-Tobit Approach', Health economics, 24, pp. 1147 - 1163
    Journal articles | 2014
    Sharma A; Hauck K; Hollingsworth B; Siciliani L, 2014, 'The effects of taxing sugar-sweetened beverages across different income groups', Health Economics (United Kingdom), 23, pp. 1159 - 1184, http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hec.3070
    Journal articles | 2014
    Sharma A; Vandenberg B; Hollingsworth B, 2014, 'Minimum pricing of alcohol versus volumetric taxation: which policy will reduce heavy consumption without adversely affecting light and moderate consumers?', PloS one, 9, pp. e80936 - e80936
    Journal articles | 2013
    Sharma A; Siciliani L; Harris A, 2013, 'Waiting times and socioeconomic status: does sample selection matter?', Economic Modelling, 33, pp. 659 - 667
    Journal articles | 2012
    Sharma A; Jha R, 2012, 'Fiscal deficits, banking crises and policy reversal in a semi-open economy', Economic Modelling, 29, pp. 271 - 282
    Journal articles | 2011
    Sharma A; Inder B, 2011, 'Impact of co-located general practitioner (GP) clinics and patient choice on duration of wait in the emergency department', Emergency Medicine Journal, 28, pp. 658 - 661
    Journal articles | 2011
    Sharma A; Srivastava P, 2011, 'Does disaggregation affect the relationship between health care expenditure and GDP? An analysis using regime shifts', Australian Economic Papers, 50, pp. 27 - 39
    Journal articles | 2010
    Harris A; Sharma A, 2010, 'Access block and overcrowding in emergency departments: an empirical analysis', Emergency Medicine Journal, 27, pp. 508 - 511
    Journal articles | 2010
    Jha R; Gaiha R; Sharma A, 2010, 'Mean consumption, poverty and inequality in rural India in the 60th round of the National Sample Survey', Journal of Asian and African studies, 45, pp. 485 - 503
    Journal articles | 2009
    Jha R; Gaiha R; Sharma A, 2009, 'Calorie and micronutrient deprivation and poverty nutrition traps in rural India', World Development, 37, pp. 982 - 991
    Journal articles | 2009
    Jha R; Gaiha R; Sharma A, 2009, 'Modelling variety in consumption expenditure on food in India', International Review of Applied Economics, 23, pp. 503 - 519
    Journal articles | 2009
    Sharma A, 2009, 'Inter-DRG resource dynamics in a prospective payment system: a stochastic kernel approach', Health care management science, 12, pp. 38 - 55
    Journal articles | 2008
    Sharma A, 2008, 'Incomplete reform or opportunity: the role of the banking sector in the credit transmission mechanism in India', Journal of Economic Policy Reform, 11, pp. 273 - 288
    Journal articles | 2005
    Jha R; Murthy KVB; Sharma A, 2005, 'Fragmentation of wholesale rice markets in India', Economic and Political Weekly, pp. 5571 - 5577
    Journal articles | 2004
    Jha R; Sharma A, 2004, 'Structural Breaks, Unit Roots, and Cointegration: A further test of the sustainability of the indian fiscal deficit', Public Finance Review, 32, pp. 196 - 219
    Journal articles | 2003
    Jha R; Sharma A, 2003, 'Spatial distribution of rural poverty: last three quinquennial rounds of NSS', Economic and Political Weekly, pp. 4985 - 4993
  • Working Papers | 2018
    Sinha K; Davillas A; Jones AM; Sharma A, 2018, Distributional analysis of the role of breadth and persistence of multiple deprivation in the health gradient measured by biomarkers, WP 18/31, http://dx.doi.org
    Working Papers | 2014
    Maitra P; Pal S; Sharma A, 2014, What Explains the Gender Gap in Private School Enrolment? Recent Evidence from India, http://dx.doi.org
    Working Papers | 2013
    Maitra P; Pal S; Sharma A, 2013, Returns to Schooling, English Skills and Gender Gap in Private School Enrolment: Evidence from India, http://dx.doi.org
    Working Papers | 2008
    Sharma A; Harris A; Richardson J, 2008, Use of elective surgery in public hospitals: modeling access-cost quality trade-offs in a spatial framework, Faculty of Business and Economics, Centre for Health Economics, http://dx.doi.org
  • Preprints | 2020
    Walters J; Harrison R; Sharma A; Malica E, 2020, Supporting Efficiency Improvement in Public Health Systems: a Rapid Systematic Review of Current Evidence, , http://dx.doi.org/10.22541/au.158949026.68625353
    Reports | 2019
    Moeller H; Haigh F; Sharma A; Veerman L, 2019, Proposal for a preferred method to cost the health benefits of active transport in New South Wales, NSW Health, Sydney
    Conference Papers | 2013
    Vandenberg B; Sharma A, 2013, 'ARE ALCOHOL TAXATION AND PRICING POLICIES REGRESSIVE? A COMPARISON OF VOLUMETRIC TAXATION AND A MINIMUM PRICE FOR ALCOHOL IN AUSTRALIA', in DRUG AND ALCOHOL REVIEW, WILEY-BLACKWELL, WILEY-BLACKWELL 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA, pp. 69 - 69, WILEY-BLACKWELL 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA, http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000326649400214&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=891bb5ab6ba270e68a
    Conference Papers | 2009
    Maitra P; Sharma A, 2009, 'Parents and children: Education across generations in India', in 5th annual conference on economic growth and development, ISI Delhi, Delhi
    Other | 2007
    Maitra P; Sharma A, 2007, Does exercise reduce obesity? evidence from Australia, Monash University Centre for Health Economics,
    Preprints |
    Jha R; Gaiha R; Sharma A, Calorie Deprivation and Poverty Nutrition Trap in Rural India, , http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.896021
    Preprints |
    Jha R; Gaiha R; Sharma A, Mean Consumption, Poverty and Inequality in Rural India in the Sixtieth Round of the National Sample Survey, , http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.941012
    Preprints |
    Jha R; Gaiha R; Sharma A, Micronutrient Deprivation and Poverty Nutrition Trap in Rural India, , http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.900283
    Preprints |
    Jha R; Gaiha R; Sharma A, Poverty Nutrition Trap in Rural India, , http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.695661
    Preprints |
    Jha R; Murthy KVB; Sharma A, Market Integration in Wholesale Rice Markets in India, , http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.742806
    Preprints |
    Jha R; Sharma AN, Structural Breaks and Unit Roots: A Further Test of the Sustainability of the Indian Fiscal Deficit, , http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.280334
    Preprints |
    Maitra P; Pal S; Sharma A, Absence of Altruism? Female Disadvantage in Private School Enrolment in India, , http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2750291
    Preprints |
    Maitra P; Pal S; Sharma A, Misogyny or Rational Preferences of Households? An Analysis of Gender Gap in Private School Enrolment in India, , http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2517309
    Preprints |
    Maitra P; Pal S; Sharma A, Reforms, Growth and Persistence of Gender Gap: Recent Evidence from Private School Enrollment in India, , http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1965152
    Preprints |
    Maitra P; Pal S; Sharma A, What Explains the Gender Gap in Private School Enrolment? Recent Evidence from India, , http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2673817
    Preprints |
    Pal S; Maitra P; Sharma A, Returns to Schooling, English Skills and Gender Gap in Private School Enrollment: Evidence from India, , http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2341005

Category 1

CIC: NH&MRC Ideas Grant # GNT2013323 "Hospital trajectories for 15 million Australians” (2022-2025). Total Amount: $655,934

CI and Health Economics lead: NH&MRC Partnership Grant # GNT2006240 "Developing a model of Preventative Healthcare for People with Intellectual Disability" (2021-2026). Total Amount: $1,244,755

CI and Health Economics lead: NH&MRC Partnership Grant # GNT1196912 "Community Health workers Extending Care in the Community" (2020-2025). Total Amount: $1,004,341

CI and Health Economics lead: NH&MRC Partnership Grant # GNT1192469 "Unifying and quality assuring disparate health silos with a common data model." (2020-2023). Total Amount: $735,795

Primary Chief-Investigator (CI A) from 2012-2014:  Australian Research Council (ARC) Discovery Project Grant # DP120102252  The Role of taxes and subsidies in promoting health lifestyles: an economic analysis. Total amount $ 300,000
 

Other Recent Grants

Chief Investigator from  2023-2024:  UNSW Ageing Futures Institute Seed Grant " Boost 2.0: Boosting inpatient exercise after hip fracture and falls using alternative work force: an implementation evaluation" 

Chief Investigator and health economics lead from 2021-22 : NSW Health COVID-19 Research Grant "24/7 eICU Model of Care" . Total Amount:  $500,000

Chief Investigator from 2019-2021 : Roberts Co. (NSW) / NSW Government "Well Being of Construction Workers at Concorde Hospital". Total Amount:  $272,512

Investigator 2019: Economic Evaluation of HammondCare Darlinghurst: an aged care home for people experiencing, or at risk of, homelessness 

Investigator 2019 : NSW Health  "Develop a preferred method to cost the health benefits of active transport". Total Amount: $81,000

 

Faculty of Medicine Teaching award at UNSW: Award for Educational Excellence (Academic Staff) - 2019

Alan Hodgkinson prize for outstanding contribution to teaching and students learning  - 2017

My Research Supervision

I am currently supervising four PhD students  as primary supervisor on following topics:

Effectiveness of Strategies to improve Health services sustainability in public health systems

What should be the role of  health decision makers in health research to support knowledge translation?

Analyse the Health Technology Assessment (HTA) reimbursement framework in Australia

Hospital Sustainability – Improving value of care through leveraging new technology and Electronic Medical Record (EMR) data 

Completed PhD Supervision

1. The relationship between income and alcohol: Implications for public health policy (Main Supervisor)

2. Linkages of HDI Nutrition in a Transient Economy of India (Main Supervisor)

3. Essays on impact evaluation of maternal and child health interventions in Nepal and India (Associate Supervisor)

4.  Economic Implications of Cardiovascular Diseases in Mongolia (Associate Supervisor)

My Teaching

Recent Teaching:

Course Convenor: PHCM9441 - Introduction to Health care Economics and Financial Management (T1, 2020) - Blended Delivery- [Evaluation: 5.77/6]

Course Convenor: PHCM9082 - Advanced Health care Economics and Financial Management (T2, 2020) - Blended Delivery- [Evaluation: 5.57/6]